English

Kind of Tenses : Present Progressive Tense

12:50:00 AM

 

Present Progressive Tense

.

.

The present progressive (also called present continuous) is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing action is happening now.

Continuous and Progressive mean unfinished / incomplete or ongoing.  It indicates continuing action, something going on now.

Even though it is a present tense, the present progressive tense can also be used to describe an activity that is going to happen in the future (especially for planned activities).

Progressive tense verbs end with “ing” -> base form + ing

 

The [verb] + "ing" part is known as a present participle. It is formed like this:


Add "ing" to most verbs, like:

·  play -> playing

·  shout -> shouting

·  buy -> buying


For verbs that end "e", remove the "e" and add "ing", like:

·  prepare -> preparing

·  ride -> riding


For verbs that end "ie", change the "ie" to "y" and add "ing", like:

·  lie -> lying

·  untie -> untying


For verbs whose last syllable is written [consonant-vowel-consonant] and is stressed, double the final consonant and add "ing", like:

·  run -> running

·  forget -> forgetting

 

Kinds of Present Progressive Tense

·    The Affirmative Version in the Present Progressive

To form affirmative sentences in the Present Progressive, here is the formula:

 

Subject + to be (am, is, are) + Base form (Verb 1) +ing [Present Participle]

For examples:

First-person singular    : I am reading

Second-person singular  : You are reading      

Third-person singular    : He/she/it is reading

First-person plural       : We are reading       

Second-person plural     : You are reading

Third-person plural       : They are reading

 

These are the complex examples:

·  She is moving to South Korea in the summer.

·  The Bus is arriving in 2 minutes.

·  Stephanie is decorating a cupcake right now.

·  They are painting the wall now.

 

·    The Negative Version in the Present Progressive

If you want to form the negative sentences in the present progressive, you can use the following formula:

 

Subject + to be (am, is, are) + not + Base form (Verb 1) +ing [Present Participle]

 

For examples:

·  Catherine is not preparing for her exams.

·  Laura is not always coming late to School.

·  They are not going to The Zoo.

 

Note: The word "is not" and "are not" are sometimes written as the contractions "isn't" and "aren't".

 

·  The Question Version / Interogative Version in the Present Progressive

If you need to ask a question, you can use the following word order for a yes/no question:

 

To be (am, is, are) + Subject + Base form (Verb 1) +ing [Present Participle] ?

 

· Is Jessica cooking Fish in the kitchen?

· Are They closing the studio?

 

We can use the following word order for a question-word question:

 

Question Word + To be (am, is, are) + Subject + Base form (Verb 1) +ing [Present Participle] ?

 

·  When is Jessica cooking Fish in the kitchen?

·  Why are They closing the studio?

 

 

English

Kind of Tenses : Simple Present Tense

9:43:00 PM

 Tense is the time of an action described by a verb, shown by its grammatical form.


❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋✿❋

 

Simple Present Tense


     The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses.
We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly.
Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using the root form (base form) except, for third-person singular is formed by adding ‑s or ‑es to the end of root form (base form+s/es).


For examples:
First-person singular       : I write
Second-person singular  : You write
Third-person singular     : He/she/it writes (note the ‑s)
First-person plural           : We write
Second-person plural      : You write
Third-person plural         : They write
 
In the simple present, verb form for third-person singular (She, He, It) depending on the suffix of verb (base form).


1. For a few verbs ends with –es. Typically, these are verbs whose root form ends in o, ch, sh, ss, x, or z.
·      go – goes
·      catch – catches
·      wash – washes
·      kiss – kisses
·      box – boxes
·      fizz  fizzes
 
2. For a few verbs with the suffix of root form in consonant + Y, remove Y and add –ies in the end of verb.
·       carry – carries
·       study – studies
·       worry – worries
·       marry – marries
 
3. Even for a few verbs with the suffix of root form in vowel + Y, just needs to add –S.

     ·      say – says

     ·      enjoy – enjoys


Examples in sentence
 
1.       For showing recurring events that taking place at this time.
·       drive the car to the office.
·       The Bus to Jakarta leaves every hour.
·       Poppy sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
 
2.      For showing a fact.
·       The President of Indonesia is Joko Widodo.
·       A worm has no legs.
·       Indonesia has 34 Provinces.
 
3.      For showing a habit.
·       Peter takes a bath twice a day.
·       Ayu gets up early at 5 o’clock every day.
·       Every year at Mubarak, most of people travel to their village (hometown).



Kinds of Simple Present Tense
 
·      Affirmative sentences in the Simple Present Tense
To form affirmative sentences, here is the formula:
 

Subject + Base form (V1) + Object
 
Examples:
-       She reads English Book every day.
-       They sing new song of Judika in the School Hall.
 
Subject + to be (is, am, are) + nominal form (adjective/noun)
 
Examples:
-       Gigi Hadid is the wife of Zayn Malik
-       They are the best runners in the school
 
·      Negative sentences in the Simple Present Tense
To form a negative sentence in simple present, usually use adding “do not” or “does not” before base form (verb), EXCEPT to be and Modal, here is the formula:
 
Subject + do not / does not + Base form (V1) + Object
 
Note: for third-person singular (She, He, It), after “does not” verb form is not added s/es.
 
Examples:
-       Kenzie does not listen her mom
-       They do not bring English dictionary
 
Subject + to be (is, am, are) + not + nominal form (adjective/noun)
 
Examples:
-       Prabowo is not the President of Indonesia
-       am not happy
 
·      Interogative sentences in the Simple Present Tense
To form an interogative sentence in the simple present, usually use adding “do” or “does” in the first sentence. Here is the formula:
 
Do / Does +Subject + Base form (V1) + Object
 
Note: The word “do” is used for the subjects are (I, You, We, They). However, the word “does” is used for the subjects are (She, He, It).
 
Examples:
-       Does she wash her clothes? Yes, She does / No, She does not
-       Do you play badminton every morning? Yes, They do / No, They do not
 
To be (is, am, are) Subject + nominal form (adjective/noun)
 
Examples:
-       Is she the new staff of Pratama Group? Yes, She is / No, She is not
-       Are they the students of Gajah Mada University? Yes, They are / No, They are not
 


College

Interpreting : Subtitling Film (Final)

6:35:00 PM

Assalamulaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh

Hello guys,
In this post, there is a video subtitling by me, it is as a final exams on Interpreting Course taught by Mr. Budianto Hamuddin, S.Pd., M.Esl.

Thankyou for watching! :)


College

Interpreting : Subtitling Films (Newbie)

7:46:00 AM

Assalamualaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh

Hello guys,

Here i would like to share about short movies for interpreting course
i hope you can enjoy with my subtitle in that video, thankyou

and please give me your comment, suggestion. So it will this post better than before :)

Video 1 (Indo Sub)



Video 2 (Eng Sub-Comedy)




College

Intro to Sociolinguistics: Code Switching and Mixing

11:21:00 PM


Assalamualaikum wr.wb

It is my presentation part in Sociolinguistics
with Indah Ayu Widuna and Permana Putra Kesuma (GROUP 4)


DIGLOSSIA

            In Sociolinguistics, Diglossia is a situation in which two distinct varieties of a language are spoken within the same speech community.
Diglossia exist in a society when it has to distinct codes which show clear functional separation.
Diglossia :     High variety
                        Low variety

BILINGUALISM AND MULTILINGUALISM

          Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
          Multilingualism is the ability of an individual speaker to communicate effectively in three or more languages.

It has some factors:             Visitors,
                                            Trade,
                                             Immigrant,
                                            Children of mixed marriages,                                         
                                            Regional
Example: Tokano of Northwest Amazon

CODE SWITCHING AND MIXING

a.    Code Switching

          Code Switching is the alternation of the use of at least two languages or their varieties or styles in the same conversation in bilingual community. Bilingual people often switch codes from one language to other language when they speak or write.
          Code switching not only occurs in the form of language change but also may happen in the change of the variant of language.

Types of Code- switching
Based on soewito:
¢  Internal Code-Switching
            If the code-switching occurs among regional languages in one national language, or among dialects in one regional language, or among some styles in one dialect.
¢  External Code-Switching
            If code-switching occurs among native language and foreign language.

b.    Code Mixing

          Code-mixing is the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same oral/written text. It is a common phenomenon in societies in which two or more languages are used, usually without a change of topic.
            Actually, in code-mixing we just take word by word from other language. It means we keep to our own language but just adding some words from others caused by some factors.

Kinds of code mixing
Code mixing can be classified into two kinds:
¢  Inner code mixing
            That is originated from the native language with its all variations. for instance Jawa Ngoko mixed with Jawa Krama- Inggil.
Example:
  wah baksone pun telas mas, pados liyane mawon.
In this sentence, the speaker mixes jawa ngoko ‘liyane’ with jawa karma inggil, ‘pun telas’ and ‘mawon’.

¢  Outer code mixing
            That mixes a foreign language with native language such as English language mixed with Indonesian language.
Example:
  Jangan kuatir, next time will be better. (Don’t worry, next time will be better).
In this case, the speaker mixes up Indonesian with English.
  Saya sedang tidak bisa berpikir, otakku blank.
In this sentence, the speaker mixes English, ‘blank’, with Indonesian language ‘saya sedang tidak bisa berpikir, otakku’.



Causes of Code Mixing and Code Switching

There are number of reasons for bilingual or multilingual person to switch or mix their languages. Those are:

1.      Talking about a particular topic
2.      Expressing group identity
3.      For prestige (to soften or strengthen request or command)
4.      To exclude other people when a comment is intended for only a limited audience
5.      Rival in speaking
6.      Time and place in speaking