THIRD SEMESTER: LITERATURE (NEW LESSON)
11:15:00 AM
THE
DEFINITION OF
INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE AND PROSE
What
is Literature?
According
to some experts around the world, literature is defined:
·
Klarer
(1998) states that “Literature
is referred to as the entirety of written expression with the restriction that
not every written document can be categorized as literature in the more exact
sense of the word”.
·
Rees (1973) sees it in the narrow sense
of "writing which expresses and communicates thought, feelings and
attitudes towards life".
·
Moody
(1987) writes that literature springs from our inborn love of
telling a story, of arranging words in pleasing patterns, of expressing in
words some special aspects of our human experience.
·
Henry
van Dyke defined “Literature consists of those writing which interpret
the meanings of nature and life, in words of charm and power, touched with the
personality of the author, in artistic forms of permanent interest”.
·
Boulton (1980) defines literature
from a functional perspective as the imaginative work that gives us R’s:
recreation, recognition, revelation and redemption.
·
G. K. Chesterton defined “Literature is a
luxury; fiction is a necessity."
·
Gyasi (1973) defines it in its broad
sense as "anything that is written".
·
Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq (Muslim Scholar and Philosopher) “Literature
is the garment which one puts on what he says or writes so that it may appear
more attractive”.
·
Wellek
and Warren (1963:22) also state that
the term literature seems best if we limit it to the art of literature, that
is, to imaginative literature. Literature is also produced by imagination
of the author. Literature is not just a document of facts, it is not just the
collection of real events though it may happen in the real life. Literature can
create its own world as a product of the unlimited imagination.
C. S. Lewis "Literature adds to
reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies
that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the
deserts that our lives have already become".
· Panuti Sudjiman (1986 : 68) Sastra sebagai karya lisan atau tulisan
yang memiliki berbagai ciri keunggulan seperti keorisinalan, keartistikan, keindahan
dalam isi, dan ungkapannya.
Therefore,
in my opinion, Literature is part of arts.
Literature is writings that have beautiful word in every
word and excellence which is based on the human life that produced the human mind,
which contained in oral and written. Literature has three general genres
(Drama, Poetry, and Prose).
What is Prose?
According to experts, prose
is defined:
·
Edgar
V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs (1995:2) classify prose into two,
fiction prose and nonfiction prose. Fiction, originally meant anything made up
or shaped, is prose stories based on the author’s creation and imagination.
· John Gross, Introduction to The
New Oxford Book of English Prose.
Oxford Univ. Press, 1998 Prose is the ordinary form of spoken or
written language: it fulfills innumerable functions, and it can attain many
different kinds of excellence. A well-argued legal judgment, a lucid
scientific paper, a readily grasped set of technical instructions all represent
triumphs of prose after their fashion. And quantity tells. Inspired prose may
be as rare as great poetry--though I am inclined to doubt even that; but good
prose is unquestionably far more common than good poetry. It is something you
can come across every day: in a letter, in a newspaper, almost anywhere.
· Jeremy Bentham, Prose is when all the lines except the last
go on to the end.
· Samuel Coleridge, Prose includes different genres of fiction such as mystery, action,
romance and others. It also includes non-fiction texts such as essays,
scientific reports or newspaper articles.
· Aminuddin, 2002: 66, Prosa fiksi
adalah kisahan atau ceritera yang di emban oleh pelaku-pelaku tertentu dengan
pemeranan, latar, serta tahapan dan rangkaian ceritera tertentu yang bertolak
dari hasil imajinasi pengarangnya, sehingga menjalin suatu ceritera.
· M. Saleh Saad dan Anton M. Muliono (dalam Tjahyono, 1988:106) mengemukakan pengertian prosa fiksi (fiksi, prosa narasi,
narasi, ceritera berplot, atau ceritera rekaan disingkat cerkan) adalah bentuk
ceritera atau prosa kisahan yang mempunyai pemeran, lakuan, peristiwa, dan alur
yang dihasilkan oleh daya imajinasi.
In my opinion, Prose is writings that consists of one/more than
one sentence that has grooves and beautiful meaning. It
includes fiction, they are novels, romances, and short stories. On the other
hand, nonfiction is consists of essays, magazines, newspapers, SOCMED’s status,
etc.
References:
http://www.hasansadili.my.id/2013/01/pengertian-sastra-secara-umum-dan.html
0 comments