Assalamualaikum
wr.wb
It is my presentation part in
Sociolinguistics
with Indah Ayu Widuna and
Permana Putra Kesuma (GROUP 4)
DIGLOSSIA
In
Sociolinguistics, Diglossia is a situation in which two distinct
varieties of a language are spoken within the same speech community.
Diglossia exist in a society when it has to distinct codes which show
clear functional separation.
Diglossia : High variety
Low
variety
BILINGUALISM AND MULTILINGUALISM
Bilingualism
is the ability of an individual or the
members of a community to use two languages effectively.
Multilingualism is the ability of an individual speaker to communicate
effectively in three or more languages.
It has some factors: Visitors,
Trade,
Immigrant,
Children
of mixed marriages,
Regional
Example: Tokano of Northwest Amazon
CODE SWITCHING AND MIXING
a.
Code Switching
Code
Switching is the alternation of the use of at
least two languages or their varieties or styles in the same conversation in
bilingual community. Bilingual people often switch codes from one language to
other language when they speak or write.
Code
switching not only occurs in the form of language
change but also may happen in the change of the variant of language.
Types of
Code- switching
Based on soewito:
¢ Internal Code-Switching
If the
code-switching occurs among regional languages in one national language, or among
dialects in one regional language, or among some styles in one dialect.
¢ External Code-Switching
If code-switching
occurs among native language and foreign language.
b.
Code Mixing
Code-mixing is the change of one language to another within the same
utterance or in the same oral/written text. It is a common phenomenon in
societies in which two or more languages are used, usually without a change of
topic.
Actually,
in code-mixing we just take word by word from other language. It means we keep to
our own language but just adding some words from others caused by some factors.
Kinds of
code mixing
Code mixing can be classified into two
kinds:
¢ Inner code mixing
That
is originated from the native language with its all variations. for instance
Jawa Ngoko mixed with Jawa Krama- Inggil.
Example:
— wah baksone pun telas mas, pados liyane mawon.
In this sentence, the speaker mixes
jawa ngoko ‘liyane’ with jawa karma inggil, ‘pun telas’ and
‘mawon’.
¢ Outer code mixing
That
mixes a foreign language with native language such as English language mixed
with Indonesian language.
Example:
— Jangan kuatir, next time will be better. (Don’t worry, next time will be better).
In this case, the speaker mixes up
Indonesian with English.
— Saya sedang tidak bisa berpikir, otakku blank.
In this sentence, the speaker mixes
English, ‘blank’, with Indonesian language ‘saya sedang tidak bisa berpikir,
otakku’.
Causes of Code Mixing and Code
Switching
There
are number of reasons for bilingual or multilingual person to switch or mix
their languages. Those are:
1.
Talking about a particular topic
2.
Expressing group identity
3.
For prestige (to soften or strengthen request or command)
4.
To exclude other people when a comment is intended for only a limited audience
5.
Rival in speaking
6.
Time and place in speaking
